Building construction



Aug. 27, EL M. WINTER 1,726,169

` BUILDINGCONSTRUGTION Aug. 2T, "[929; `v E. M. WINTERV 1,726,169

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Deo. 14, 1927 2 Smeets-sheet 2 INVEN'OR EkinMW/mzr,

Patented Aug. 27, 1929.

UNITED S'`A'`ES vinrrrzNr oFFicE.

EDWIN M. WINTER, or New Yoan, N. Y.

BUILDING;l CONSTRUCTION;

l Applcatoniled December 14, 1927. Serial No. 239,968.

yMyl present invention relates to an 1mprovement in building construct-ion for its specific'object an improvement in the structure and method of assembly of small 5 houses of the so-called 'suburban type, .al-

though it need not be so limited.

One of the main objects of my inventlon is to eliminate, so far as is possible, the use of g metal framing of the buildin'iir and each other, and the flooring` including similar characteristic twostory construction to show details.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the panel locking means.

Fig. 3a is an enlarged view of an alternate form of panel locking means, similar to that shown in Fig. 43.

Fig. 4 is a front view of two units of panels as' applied.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view showing the manner of assembling the panels to the up* rights.

Fig. 6 is a. reduced perspective view ot structural iron framing as arranged to carry out my invention.

In my present construction the A:traming of the house is done with standard structural steel angles, channelsand I-beams oi. 55 suitable dimensions, to form a light. extremely rigid skeleton structure 1, Fig. 6, of sufiiand has finishing details to embody a completed' cient istrength to meet the known stresses enl countered. All connecting joints between the framing members 2 are riveted or bolted together in the approved present day practice.

In building the metal frame structure generally denoted by 1 Fig. 6, consideration is iven tothe framing design so that the uprights 2, all figures, are spaced apart at predetermined spacings, in my practice, about five feet apart, this dimension proving suitable in that multiples of this spacing readily meet present day housing dimensions, thus a house twenty feet wide by thirty feet long` requires fiveuprights, including the corner uprights on the shorter dimension, and seven uprights including corner uprights, on the longer dimension, all of said uprights being spaced on five foot intervals.

The` height of the ceiling framing and plates 3 for the 'first and subsequent stories of the vbuilding may be made of uniform dimensions, as will hereinafter be explained.

In the erection of;` my improved structure the usual foundations are laid wither vwithout a cellar, and upon this foundation, `not shown, is laid I-beam sections of suitable dimensions, Fig. 6, to form sills 4 for mountably receiving the general house framing structure, also of various sizes, to`suit,of structural iron. i

To these sills 4 is mounted a plurality of uprights 2"riveted, bolted or otherwise suitably anchored thereto to form struts to support the upper struct-ure of the building,

and vto act also as anehorages, to be embedded into to support the outer wall structures in the form of panelling 5 and 6, to be later described. l

To the upper endsy of the uprights 2 is affixed the platesv 3 for the first story, and upon these latter a second set of uprights 6 are fixedly mounted, to be completed by plates 7 and a suitable roof framing, generally denoted by 8, which.may also be of light `iron construction of suitable dimensions and design.

Thus, upon completion of the framing 1, the structure is ready to receive the panelling 5 and 6, which forms the outer enclosingwalls 'of the structure and which in any manner for desired interior wall finish and decoration; y

To this end the fojindation sills 4 are first molded into a concrete body 9, Fig. 2, which concrete surrounds the iron s ills 4 and the bottoms of the uprights 2, the concrete metal-reinforced complete sill having an upstanding ledge 10 molded thereonfto act as a support and stop, upon which molded concrete floor-forming slabs 11 are abutted, as indicated in Fig.A 2. After completion to this point, the structure is then ready for the erection-of the wall forming panels 2 thereabout, and this will bevv later described.

Thus,the framing will be so erected that the uprights 2 or other similar functional elements, are spaced to receive and support a series of concrete panels 5 and 6 of vunit sizes, that is to say, each panel. forming the outer and inner enclosing wall structure is of the same diniensionalproportions, eachy .being five feet wide by possibly nine feetAV high. It is understood that the dimensions herein noted are merely illustrative and that they can be varied to suit, in carrying out my, invention.

`Each of said panels 5 is provided with suitable edge recesses 12 and' formations 13 whereby they coordinate with the upriglits 2, the plate forming beams 3 and 7 Fig. 2, the oor forming element 11 and the sill 9, thereby to complete the assembly. To this end, theV panels 5 are provided on their opposite sides, Figs. 1 and 3, with inverted angular keyways 14, formed by two outstanding enclosing ribs 15 and 16, which extend from the sides of the panel 5. These panels when in associate assembly, as in Figs. 1, -3 and 3a, are in side Contact with each other andenclose, by the association of the panel keyways 14 and completely surround the uprights 2. The exposed contact edges of the adjacent panels may be pointed .up to present an unbroken outer wall surface.

The upright enclosing chamber, generally denoted by 17, which surrounds the uprights Y 2, is then filled with a grouting of cement,

thus firmly keying the uprights 2 andpanels 5 to each other ina firm and weather-tight manner. The exterior faces of the panels are in perfect alinement when assembled and matched as above described and the complete, exterior wall assembly and appearance of the structure compares favorably with any type of exterior made by other methods. Advantage is taken, in molding the panels 5 that the eXtei-i-er, exposed surface may be of any suitable imitation, such as clap-board, rough or smooth stucco, pebble dash or brick finish, so that buildings erected by my methods have any desired typical exterior appearance and finish, depending upon the kind of mold used in forming the exposed or weather surface of the panels.

In Fig. 3a a construction of panel andfupright jointure is shown enlarged and in fragmentary horizontal section. Herein is disclosed an additional panel locking means whereby the panels are interlockcd to each other in addition to grouting to ,the uprights, as above described, wherein suitably .formed dowels 21-21 are set into the associate panel edges at desired points to, keep panels alined and to aid in alinement during assembly.

The panels 5 are pre-cast and seasoned and, preferably, brought complete, ready forerection to the erection job and set in position.

As previously described, such panels are made in unit sizes, and are in every exterior detail substantially alike, except that those panels selected to carry window and door openings, in which event such panels as A, Figs. 1 and 4, are provided with suitable openings into which door and window casings may be set after erection, or into which cooperative casing parts such as 18, Fig. 1, may be molded when the panels are poured, in the first instance. The type of window illustrated in the drawings herewith is of standard metal frame construction known as the fenestra and is used by way of illustration, but any standard type of window construction may be substituted.

In order to enable the easy erection of the panels 5 into operative position between the upiights and to care for the joining of the panels at the corner junctures, the keyways 14, as will be noted inFigs. 3 and 5, are left considerably longer and larger than the uprights 2, so that the panels may be assembled as illustrated in Fig. 5 which shows the mode of erecting the adjacent corner panels. To this end, the panels are slid onto the uprights 2 the full length of the keyways 5 as at B, Fig. 5, in a diagonal position, till the bottoni 8 of, the keyway 5 rests against the upright 2, then the panel is swung inwardly in the direction of the arrow C, till its keyway 5 contacts with corner upright 2. At this corner point, as will be ascertained, the panels 5 are initred as at H, Figs. 1 and 5.

Then the corner panels are slid forwardly as per the arrow D, Fig. 5, which illustrates the second movement of erection, applied to the associate corner panel 5E, Fig. 5, clear of the intermediate upright 2E. Thereafter the intermediate side panels, 'as in Fig. 1, are positioned between the'other uprights 2, and after assembly into the foregoing positions the complete `assembly' of corner and end panels are moved backwardly until the uprights 2 occupy the central position within all the associate panels, as shown in Fig. 3, andalso in Fig. 1. The grouting of the various panels to the uprights 2 through llin'g of the keyways4 14 is then completed,

invention, and need I claim is:

thus bonding the panels to the upright framing 2, thereby wall structure.

It is to be noted that with the end panel in the position shown in Figure 5 at D this panel is clear of the upright 2E so that the remaining panels of this side may be assembled clear to the other end panel of the side. Then after these panels have all been assembled and aligned they are slid against the direction of the arrow D until the recess 14 laps half of the upright 2E. In this manner the corner panels can be assembled on the corner uprights. Obviously the grouting is then applied and locks the parts against further movement. in any direction.

After the erection of the first and second.

story panel structures, the vsecond story flooring 19 may be molded about the -girders forming the metal skeleton flooring structure by the usual methods of building woodxilaking a. singlerigid unitary 'outstanding enclosing ribs spaced from the` uprights and lrespectively disposed outward- 1y and inwardly of the plane of the uprights, the edge face of each rib engaging the corresponding edge face of the adjacent 'panel thereby to form upright 'chambers completely enclosing the uprights.

3. In combination, a structural frame comprising a row of uprights; panels between and. spaced from the uprights and each provided in each side edge face with a deep edge recess forming a rib: spaced from en forms thercabout and pouring the con-Lille uprights and disposed on the same side 'crete to form such floor structure utilizing metal'reinforcing rods, not shown, in the usual practice. In this operation, thefloor forming concrete is molded about the eros: girdersor sleepers 20, by the conformity of the wooden mold forms, not shown, and concrete is also poured into the lower and upper recesses 13-13 formed in the top and bottom' edges of 'the panels 5, 'as in F ig,- 2, these latter two recesses providing a space to clear the plate forming girders 3. Thus, 'thesecondor additional floors are molded about the floor girders, plates and engageably keyed orbonded tothe panels 5 forming an integral binding structure between the coordinate panels, gir-ders and floors.

I make no claim as to the novelty of the structural iron framing of the building except as to its coordination with the panelling to accomplish my purpose.

, Any desired type of roof may' also be used with my structure and I make noclaim for novelty therefor.

All partitionswithin the structure, tov divide the same into various rooms, etc. are also erected 'in the same manner,"as described for the exterior walls, and it is thought that this all enters into the general-scope of my not lbe shown or described in-detail.

The -interior partitions, walls and iloors may be finished in any desired; manner.

Having thus described my invention, what 1. In combination, a structural steel frame comprising a row of uprights; 'panelsbetween `and spaced from the uprights and each provided in each side'edge face with a deep edge recess forming outer and inner ribs'spaced from the uprights and disposedv outwardlyY and inwardly of the Vuprights, each rib engaging the corresgpndingrib of the adjacent panell thereby to orm chambers face and a hardened filler ,filling said re-`4 cesses, and securing adjacent panels to each other and the uprights. l 4. In combination, a row of strluctural from the uprights and 'each provided in each side edgeface with a deep edge recess forming outer outstanding enclosing ribs spaced .from the uprights and disposed outwardly ofthe plane of the uprights, the edge face of each ribvengaging the corresponding edge face' of theadjacent anel thereby to form steel uprights; panels between and spaced '.i

a substantially unbro en wall face and recesses partially enclosing the uprights; and a hardened ller filling saidrecesses for keying adjacent panels to the adjacent uprights and each other.

5.*In combination, a row 'of structural sill; metallic I-beam uprights equally spaced apart on said sill'with their webs in the vertical planesoof( the sill; panels mounted onsaid sill between and spaced from the up? rights and each provided from top to bottom of each side edge face .with a deep edge recess of dove-tail horizontal section forming outer and inner outstanding enclosing ribs spaced from the uprights. and respectively disposed outwardly and inwardly `of the i Y the upright and each provided from top to bottom ofthe edge face adjacent to the upright7 with a Ideep edge recess forming outer and inner outstanding enclosing ribs spaced from the upright and respectively disposed outwardly and inwardly of the upright,the

edge face of each rib engaging the Vcorresponding ed e face of the adjacent panel at an angle o degrees to the plane 'of the respective rpanels; and hardened cement grouting integrally'filling said recesses in contact all aroundl theV faces of the recesses and the upright and keying adjacent panels to the adjacentnprights and each other.

8.' In combination, reinforced plastic sills meeting to form corners; metallic Ip-beam uprights equally spaced apart on said sills intermediately thereof and at the corners respectively, with their webs in the vertical planes of Aassociated sills; panels mountedv on said sillsbetween and spaced from lthe luprights and each provided from top to botton of each side ledge face with a deep edge recess of dove-tailhorizontal section forining outer and inner outstanding enclosing ribs spaced from the uprights and respectively disposed outwardly and inwardly of the plane of the uprights,' the edge face of each rib engaging the corresponding edge face of the adjacent panel to forman upright chamber and an unbroken wall face; the edge faces meeting at the corners belng disposed at 4&54 degrees to the plane of thelr respective panels; and hardened cement grouting integrally filling said recesses in contact all around'the faces of the recesses and the uprights and keying adjacent panels to the adjacent uprights and each other.

Y 9. A building comprising a structural steel framing having spaced luprights, wall forming elements consisting of panels extending/Between adjacent uprights and having channeled side edges fitting around said uprights, the channels of adjacent panels entirely enclosing said uprights, and grouting `filling the space within the channels and around the uprights.

10. A building comprising a structural steel framing having spaced uprights, wall forming elements consisting of panels extending between adj acent uprights and having side edges fitting around said uprights,

the side 'edges of adjacent panels entirelyV enclosing said uprights, Iand grouting filling the space between-the side edges and around the `uprights.

1`1. A building comprising a structural steel framing having uprights spaced at unit intervals, wall forming elements consisting of panels of unit width and each extending between adjacent uprights and having channeled side edges fitting around said uprights,

the channels of adjacent panels entirely env` closlng said uprights, and groutingvfilling the space within lthe channels and around the uprights, said grouting locking the adjacent panels together and to said uprights whereby the uprights constitute. reinforcing for the panels.

Signed'at New York, in the county of Westchestenpand State of New York, this 12th day of December, A. D. 1927.

- EDWIN M. WINTER. 

